Poetry Packet Review

saying less than is true (ex. his car cost a pretty penny)

substitution of a closely associated term (ex. the pot is boiling)

using parts for the whole (ex. all hands on deck)

similarity of sound in the middle of words (ex. the “eh” sound in “melody” and “repelling”)

only the last syllables rhyme (ex. “return” and “concern”)

only the last two syllables rhyme (ex. “attendant” and “defendant”)

only the last three syllables rhyme (ex. “international” and “irrational”)

when two words have the same end spelling but a different sound (ex. “love” and “stove”)

word in the middle of the line rhymes with the word on the end of the line, or two interior lines rhyme (ex. “here we go to the show” – go and show rhyme)

2 syllables per foot
accent pattern: de dum (unaccented, accented)
ex: to-day, a-way

2 syllables per foot
accent pattern: dum de (accented, unaccented)
ex. com-ing, base-ball

3 syllables per foot
accent pattern: de de dum (unaccented, unaccented, accented)
ex. lem-on-ade, can-non-ball

3 syllables per foot
accent pattern: dum de de (accented, unaccented, unaccented)
ex. vic-tor-ies, beau-ti-ful

2 syllables per foot
accent pattern: dum dum (accented, accented)
ex. may-day, heart-break, short-cake

ex. monometer, dimeter, trimeter, tetrameter, pentameter, hexameter, heptameter, octameter

when meter varies within a line

2 lines with identical rhymes (aa)

2 lines of iambic pentameter (aa)

3 lines of any meter or rhyme scheme

4 lines of any meter or rhyme scheme

4 lines
1st and 3rd lines – iambic tetrameter
2nd and 4th lines – iambic trimeter
(abab) or (abcb)

5 lines of any meter or rhyme scheme

6 lines – often 3 sets of couplets (aabbcc)

7 lines of iambic pentameter (ababbcc)

8 lines of iambic pentameter + 1 line of iambic hexameter (ababbcbcc)

14 lines iambic pentameter
(ababcdcdefefgg) or (abbaabbacdecde)

any iambic pentameter that is unrhymed

no regular meter or rhyme scheme

the first letter in successive lines spelling a word or rhymes

usually tells a complete story and its purpose is to reveal events

usually presents a short episode and its purpose is to reveal emotion

written by collective authors, often developed through generations

written by an identifiable author, style more flexible

written to teach a specific academic lesson

story unfolds through conversation

a lament written in memory of someone

short, funny poem, often using word play and satire

short elegy, usually written for tombstones

brief story with a moral

humorous poem concerning trivial events

5 line jingle (aabba)

narrative poem of praise, usually quite lengthy

poem dealing with nature or rural life

changes the spiritual to the physical (ex. “he has a lot of heart”, “what a brain she is”)

part for the whole (ex. 40 head of cattle, give them a hand, the pot is boiling)

tend to carry more emotion than other sounds

analytical, impediments to smoothness

technique of notation where the stesses are shown

an extra unstressed beat at the end of a line, often to emphasize a character’s sense of contemplation

reversing the order of the stresses of an iambi to help emphasize certain words or ideas

A B B A A B B A C D E C D E
One octave (ABBAABBA) – presents an argument, observation, question, theme, or experience
Shift occurs between 8th and 9th line
Sestet (CDECDE) – answers the question, clarifies, responds, or comments on the theme

A B A B C D C D E F E F G G
1st quatrain (ABAB) – states the theme
2nd quatrain (CDCD) – develops the theme
3rd quatrain (EFEF) – develops the theme
Couplet (GG) – gives a summary, conclusion, amplification, or reversal of the previous 3 stanzas
Shift placement is flexible (FANBOYS)

A B A B B C B C C D C D E E
3 quatrains – develop 3 distinct but closely related ideas
couplet – different idea (shift usually occurs here)